16. Tudur ap Cyfnerth    The poet is not attested, and there are no examples of his work, but according to Dafydd ap Gwilym, he wrote poetry about the wooden horse and the organ. Dafydd is implying that Gruffudd is plagiarising Tudur's work.

32. Pryderi dir    or old Dyfed, cf. 5.36–8.

33. Bro Gadell    another name for Dyfed. Cadell was the father of Hywel Dda, and it is likely that 'Bro Gadell' is a better name because he was historical, unlike the mythological Pryderi.

Gwasgwyn    a horse from Gascony.

54. Gwyn ap Nudd   The chief of the fairies (Tylwyth Teg), see 57.32n.